Bài giảng Business Communication - Chapter 2 Communicating Across Cultures

Chapter 2Communicating Across Cultures© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Why cross-cultural communication is critical to businessDimensions of cultural differenceBody positions and movementsFactors of human relationshipsProblems of languageAdvice for communicating across culturesEnhancing cross-cultural communication skills2-*Chapter Overview Technological advances, such as interactive and mobile communication, have fueled globalization. Effective international communication helps you design products that meet global market needs and win business. Successful communication with international coworkers improves workplace productivity.Communicating with those from other cultures enriches your business and personal life.2-*Why Cross-Cultural Communication?“The collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another.”--Dutch sociologist Geert Hofstede’s definition of cultureDo you agree? How would you define culture?What Is Culture?2-*Culture: Questions for Discussion2-*What is culture?What kinds of factors have influenced national cultures?How have the Internet and increasing global trade affected cultural differences?Why are people able to do business across different cultures? What do businesspeople have in common the world over?What is ethnocentrism and how does it impair cross-cultural business relations?Topography HistoryReligionSensitivity to these factors helps you avoid ethnocentrism.Factors Impacting Culture2-*The body (bowing, standing)Did you know squatting is a very common business practice in some countries?Head movementShaking the head “yes” or “no” means little in some cultures.Hand gesturesThe “peace” sign is considered vulgar in Australia, and the “OK” sign is insulting in Russia, Germany, and Brazil! Different Meanings of Body Language2-*Americans—firm, 5-7 pumpsGermans—brusque, firm single pumpFrench—light, quick, not offered to superiors, may include a double kissBritish—soft, 3-5 pumpsArabs—gentle, long-lasting, sometimes with kisses on both cheeksHandshakes Across Cultures2-*TimeSpaceOdorsFranknessSocial hierarchyWorkplace valuesExpressions of emotionFactors of Human Relationships2-*Edward T. HallHigh-Context vs. Low-ContextGeert HofstedePower DistanceIndividualism vs. CollectivismMasculinity vs. FemininityLong-Term vs. Short-Term OrientationRichard D. LewisLinear-Actives, Multi-Actives, and ReactivesThree Theoretical Frames2-*Business Communication Differences2-*Your textbook was written for U.S. readers. Guidelines for writing messages may not apply to all cultures:The British prefer a direct approach to negative messages.Asian cultures may view our communication style as too direct.Even social networking preferences vary from culture to culture. Lack of Language EquivalencyDifficulties with EnglishMultiple meanings of wordsTwo-word verbsSlang and colloquialismsCulturally derived words/phrasesProblems of Language2-*Possible meanings of run:To move fastTo compete for officeA score in baseballA break in a stockingA fading of colorsCan you think of more?Multiple Meanings of Words2-*search, findtrack downhold, securetie downprevent, avoidget aroundpursuego afterremove, overcomelive downexcited, nervouskeyed updemonstrateSubstituteTwo-Word Verbact out2-*Two-Word VerbsDo your research.Know yourself and your company.Be aware—and wary—of stereotypes.Adapt your English to your audience.Talk or write as simply and clearly as possible.Word questions carefully.Use continuous confirmation. Be open to change.2-*Tips: Communicating Cross-Culturally