Bài giảng Business Driven Information Systems - Chapter five: Infrastructures sustainable technologies

CHAPTER FIVEINFRASTRUCTURESSUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIESCHAPTER OVERVIEWSECTION 5.1 – MIS INFRASTRUCTUREThe Business Benefits of a Solid MIS InfrastructureSupporting Operations: Information MIS InfrastructureSupporting Change: Agile MIS Infrastructure SECTION 5.2 – BUILDING SUSTAINABLE MIS INFRASTRUCTURESMIS and the EnvironmentSupporting the Environment: Sustainable MIS InfrastructureSECTION 5.1MIS InfrastructuresLEARNING OUTCOMESExplain MIS infrastructure and its three primary typesIdentify the three primary areas associated with an information MIS infrastructureDescribe the characteristics of an agile MIS infrastructureTHE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A SOLID MIS INFRASTRUCTUREMIS infrastructure – Includes the plans for how a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS assetsHardwareSoftwareNetworkClientServerTHE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A SOLID MIS INFRASTRUCTURESupporting operationsInformation MIS infrastructureSupporting changeAgile MIS InfrastructureSupporting the environmentSustainable MIS infrastructureSUPPORTING OPERATIONS: INFORMATION MIS INFRASTRUCTUREBackup and recovery planDisaster recovery planBusiness continuity planBackup and Recovery PlanBackup – An exact copy of a system’s informationRecovery – The ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failureFault toleranceFailoverFailbackBackup and Recovery PlanDisaster recovery plan - A detailed process for recovering information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a fire or floodDisaster recovery cost curve - Charts (1) the cost to the organization of the unavailability of information and technology and (2) the cost to the organization of recovering from a disaster over timeBackup and Recovery PlanBackup and Recovery PlanHot site - A separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume businessCold site - A separate facility that does not have any computer equipment, but is a place where employees can move after a disasterWarm site – A separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configurationBusiness Continuity PlanBusiness continuity planning (BCP) - A plan for how an organization will recover and restore partially or completely interrupted critical function(s) within a predetermined time after a disaster or extended disruptionBusiness Continuity PlanEmergency – a sudden unexpected event requiring immediate actionEmergency preparedness – ensures a company is ready to respond to an emergency in an organized, timely, and effective mannerBusiness Continuity PlanBusiness Continuity PlanBusiness impact analysis – Identifies all critical business functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have upon themTechnology failure – occurs when the ability of a company to operate is impaired because of a hardware, software, or data outageIncident – Unplanned interruption of a serviceIncident management – the process responsible for managing how incidents are identified and correctedSUPPORTING CHANGE: AGILE MIS INFRASTRUCTURECharacteristics of an agile MIS infrastructureAccessibilityAvailabilityMaintainabilityPortabilityReliabilityScalabilityUsabilityAccessibilityAccessibility - Refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view, or perform when operating a systemWeb accessibility – Allows people with disabilities to use the WebAdministrator access – Unrestricted access to the entire systemAvailabilityAvailability – Time frames when the system is operationalUnavailable – Time frames when a system is not operating and cannot be usedHigh availability – System is continuously operational at all timesMaintainabilityMaintainability – How quickly a system can transform to support environmental changesOrganizations must watch today’s business, as well as tomorrow’s, when designing and building systemsSystems must be flexible enough to meet all types of business changesPortabilityPortability – The ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platformsReliabilityReliability - Ensures a system is functioning correctly and providing accurate informationReliability is another term for accuracy when discussing the correctness of systems within the context of efficiency IT metricsVulnerability – a system weakness that can be exploited by a threatScalabilityScalability - How well a system can scale up, or adapt to the increased demands of growthPerformance - Measures how quickly a system performs a process or transaction Capacity planning - Determines future environmental infrastructure requirements to ensure high-quality system performanceUsabilityUsability – The degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to useServiceability – How quickly a third-party can change a system to ensure it meets user needs and the terms of any contracts, including agreed levels of reliability, maintainability, or availabilitySECTION 5.2Building Sustainable MIS InfrastructuresLEARNING OUTCOMESIdentify the environmental impacts associated with MISExplain the three components of a sustainable MIS infrastructures along with their business benefitsMIS AND THE ENVIRONMENTMoore’s Law - Refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 monthsSustainable, or “green,” MIS - Describes the production, management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environmentCorporate social responsibility - Companies’ acknowledged responsibility to societyMIS AND THE ENVIRONMENTThree Primary Side Effects Of Businesses’ Expanded Use Of TechnologyIncreased Electronic WasteEwaste - Refers to discarded, obsolete or broken electronic devicesSustainable MIS disposal - Refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycleIncreased Energy ConsumptionEnergy consumption – The amount of energy consumed by business processes and systemsHuge increases in technology use have greatly amplified energy consumptionThe energy consumed by a computer is estimated to produce as much as 10 percent of the amount of carbon dioxide produced by an automobileIncreased Carbon EmissionsCarbon emissions – Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide produced by business processes and systemsWhen left on continuously, a single desktop computer and monitor can consume at least 100 watts of power per hourSUPPORTING THE ENVIRONMENT: SUSTAINABLE MIS INFRASTRUCTUREThe components of a sustainable MIS infrastructure includeGrid ComputingGrid computing - A collection of computers, often geographically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a common problemVirtualized ComputingVirtualization - Creates multiple “virtual” machines on a single computing deviceVirtualized ComputingData center – A facility used to house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems Sustainable data centers Reduces carbon emissionsReduces required floor SpaceChooses Geographic locationCloud ComputingCloud computing - A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interactionCloud ComputingMulti-tenancy – The cloud means that a single instance of a system serves multiple customersSingle-tenancy – Each customer or tenant must purchase and maintain an individual systemCloud fabric – The software that makes possible the benefits of cloud computing, such as multi-tenancyCloud ComputingCloud ComputingCloud ComputingLEARNING OUTCOME REVIEWNow that you have finished the chapter please review the learning outcomes in your text