Bài giảng Business Research Methods - Chapter 2: Ethics in Business Research

Ethics in Business ResearchChapter 2Learning ObjectivesUnderstand . . . What issues are covered in research ethics. The goal of “no harm” for all research activities and what constitutes no harm for participant, researcher, and research sponsor.Learning ObjectivesUnderstand . . . Differing ethical dilemmas and responsibilities of researchers, sponsors, and research assistants. Role of ethical codes of conduct in professional associations.Pull Quote“Today, it would be remiss to say that the privacy profession is anything but flourishing. Companies are increasingly hiring privacy officers and even elevating them to C-suite positions; the European Commission has proposed a statute in its amended data protection framework that would require data protection officers at certain organizations, and, at the International Association of Privacy Professionals (IAPP) membership recently hit 10,000 worldwide.”Angelique Carson, CIPP/US, International Association of Privacy ProfessionalsEthical Issues and the Research ProcessTypes of Ethical ViolationsViolatingdisclosureagreementsBreakingconfidentialityMisrepresentingresultsDeceivingparticipantsPaddedinvoicesAvoidinglegal liabilityEthical Codes of ConductEthical Treatment of ParticipantsDo no harmExplain study benefitsExplain participant rights and protectionsObtain informed consentComponents of Informed ConsentResearcher IntroDescribe Survey TopicDescribe geographic sampleReveal sponsorDescribe purposeGood Faith Time EstimateAnonymity & confidentialityVoluntary ParticipationItem nonresponse acceptablePermission to beginCharacteristics of Informed ConsentElementsCompetent to Give ConsentAdequately InformedKnowledge of Risks Voluntary ConsentEthical ResponsibilitiesSpecial guidelines apply to children!Informed consent means parental approval.DeceptionDisguising non-researchactivitiesCamouflagingtrue research objectivesReasons for DeceptionPrevent biasing participantsProtect confidentiality of the sponsorDebriefingExplain any deceptionDescribe hypothesis, goal or purposeShare resultsProvide follow-upProtect Participant ConfidentialityMinimize instruments requiring IDNon-disclosure of data subsetsRestrict access to IDObtain signednondisclosureReveal only with written consentRight to PrivacyRight to refusePrior permission to interviewLimit time requiredThe U.S. Safe Harbor AgreementSecurityNoticeAccessEnforcementChoiceOnward Transfer Data IntegritySponsor ConfidentialitySponsor NondisclosurePurpose NondisclosureFindings NondisclosureUnethical Behavior to AvoidViolating participant confidentialityChanging dataCreating false dataChanging data interpretationsChanging data presentationInjecting bias in interpretationsOmitting sections of dataMaking recommendations beyond scope of dataWhat To Do If Coerced?EducateonpurposeEmphasizefact-findingroleExplain problemsTerminateRelationshipPrinciples of Effective Codes of EthicsEnforceableSpecify BehaviorRegulateProtectKey TermsCode of ethicsConfidentialityDebriefingDeceptionEthicsInformed consentNondisclosureFindingsPurposeSponsorRight to privacyRight to qualityRight to safetyAdditional Discussion opportunitiesChapter 2Snapshot: Location Based ServicesKnow data collection, sharing proceduresAppoint privacy trained personnel to ensure privacyTreat LBS as sensitive informationDemonstrate informed consentSensitive to parent expectationsStay current on privacy developmentsSnapshot: Ethics of Mobile SurveysRecruitingFinancial DisadvantagePrivacy & IntrusionTracking BehaviorSnapshot: Has Trust Trumped Privacy“91 percent of U.S.online adults worry to some degree about their privacy online, while 53 percent said they ‘don’t completely trust companies with their business online.”Privacy FundamentalistsPrivacyPragmatistsPrivacy UnconcernedsSnapshot: OffshoringResearch Thought Leaders“[Privacy pragmatists are] often willing to allow people to have access to, and to use, their personal information where they understand the reasons for its use, where they see tangible benefits for so doing, and when they believe care is taken to prevent the misuse of this information.”Humphrey Taylor chairman of The Harris Poll®Harris Interactive.PulsePoint: Research Revelation89The percent of consumer PCs infected with spyware.PulsePoint: Research Revelation$944The amount, in millions,that employers will losethis year due to employeefraud.Procter & GambleAdmits to competitive intelligence gathering Contracted BI firm took documents from Unilever trash receptaclesOut-of-court settlement rumored (and reported) at $10mEthical ApproachesEthical standardsEthical RelativismDeontologyEthical ApproachesEthical RelativismDeontologyHow would you assess the P&G case using the two ethical approaches?Ethics in Business ResearchChapter 2Photo AttributionsSlideSource6Chris Ryan/Getty Images14Polka Dot Images/Jupiterimages18ERproductions Ltd./Getty Images20Brand X Pictures/Photolibrary24©Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Blend Images LLC25©Siri Stafford/Digital Vision/Getty Images26Ingram Publishing27Courtesy of Foundation for Transparency in Offshoring31Florian Franke/Purestock/SuperStock33Ingram Publishing