Bài giảng Operations Management - Supplement 8: The Transportation Model

The Transportation ModelMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.You should be able to:Describe the nature of a transportation problemSet up transportation problems in the general linear programming formatInterpret computer solutions8S-*Student SlidesInvolves finding the lowest-cost plan for distributing stocks of goods or supplies from multiple origins to multiple destinations that demand the goods.8S-*Student SlidesThe transportation model has numerous applications:Location decisionsCompare location alternatives in terms of their impact cost on the total distribution costs for the systemInvolves working through a separate model for each location being consideredProduction planningCapacity planningTransshipment8S-*Student SlidesShipping (supply) pointsAny place from which good are sentFactories WarehousesDepartmentsDestinationsAny point that receives goodsFactoriesWarehousesDepartments8S-*Student SlidesInformation requirementsA list of the origins and each one’s capacity or supply quantity per periodA list of the destinations and each one’s demand per periodThe unit cost of shipping items from each origin to each destinationStudent Slides8S-*Transportation model assumptionsThe items to be shipped are homogeneousShipping cost per unit is the same regardless of the number of units shippedThere is only one route or mode of transportation being used between each origin and destinationStudent Slides8S-*4771100123882008101651508090120160ABCDSupplyDemand123WarehouseFactory450450Factory 1 can supply 100 units per period Total capacity per periodCost to ship one unit from factory 1 to warehouse ATotal Demand per periodWarehouse B can use 90 units per periodStudent Slides8S-*47107901100129031108820080810167051508090120160ABCDSupplyDemand123WarehouseFactory4504508S-*Student SlidesStudent Slides8S-*Transportation problems can be solved manually in a straightforward mannerExcept for very small problems, solving the problem manually can be very time consumingFor medium to large problems, computer solution techniques are more practicalA variety of software packages are available for solving the transportation modelSome require formulating the problem as a general LP modelOthers allow data entry in a more simple, tabular formatStudent Slides8S-*8S-*Student Slides