Chapter 17 Analyzing qualitative data

Analyzing qualitative dataChapter 17Analyzing qualitative dataAnalysis Process of labeling and break down raw dataBrings order, structure, interpretationMessy, ambiguous, time consumingBegins after first data collectionReflexive Inductiveemic and etic views of data analysisEmic reading of dataEtic reading of dataEmergentFrom participant’s point of viewIn context data were collectedInsider, inductive, and bottom-upInterpreting data as related to theoriesMore conceptualWithout regard to contextOutsider, deductive, top-downChoosing an analytical methodSorting through a great deal of data is difficultRequires careful choice of analytical methodMultiple plausible interpretations will be presentThe research question may have changedMust remain true to participants’ meaningsMoving from raw data to interpretationInterpretationMaking sense of or giving meaning to those patterns, themes, concepts, and propositions AnalysisProcess of labeling and breaking down raw data to find patterns, themes, concepts, and propositions Analytical memoCaptures your first impressions of and reflections on dataResearcher writes memos to him or herselfNot part of the dataFirst attempt at analyzingSuggests avenues for additional collection or analytical schemesResearcher’s not participants’ evaluationDiagramming dataPlace data into tables, diagrams, or graphsHelps see relationshipsOrganize byCaseSubjectThemeEventCoding and categorizing dataReduces data into manageable sizeCategory Set of similar excerpts, examples, or themesExisting or emergent Develop tentative labelsCategories and labels will become clearer over timeReturn to research questionsGrounded theoryDevelop theory by examining relationships between data and categoriesUse constant-comparative method to develop categories relative to each otherCategories can change and new categories addedSteps Become familiar with data by reading and re-readingCode dataDevelop initial, inductive categoriesRevise categoriesWrite memos to explore ideasIterative approach for coding dataTheoretical saturation occurs when all data are coded into a categoryOpen codingAxial codingFirst pass through dataUnrestrictedOpen to all possibilitiesNumber of categoriesLabels of categoriesRelationship of categoriesSubsequent passes through dataLinking categories in meaningful waysCategories are collapsed or relabeledTheoretically saturated when categories are stableTwo types of coding Assessing results from grounded theoryDo the data merit your claims?Are new insights generated?Do categories reflect the essence of what was studied?Are the findings useful in everyday life and future research?Thematic analysisTheme = conceptualization of interaction, relationship, eventThree criteriaRecurrenceRepetitionForcefulnessProcess of interpretationMaking sense or giving meaning to patterns, themes, concepts, and propositionsTranslating categories into meaningful wholeMemo writing is intermediate step before writing reportCan be used as basis of drafting the reportEvaluating interpretatoinUse participant quotes as evidence that the analysis and interpretation are plausibleProvide enough quotes to demonstrate breadth and depth of category or themeCredibilityAre findings believable?Are findings agreeable to participants?Triangulation