Database Management System - Chapter 1: Introduction to Database Management

Chapter 1Introduction to Database ManagementWelcome! Database technology: crucial to the operation and management of modern organizationsMajor transformation in computing skillsSignificant time commitmentExciting journey aheadBook GoalsFirst course in database managementPractical textbookFundamentals of relational databasesData modeling and normalizationDatabase application developmentDatabase administration and database processing environmentsDetailed materialOutline Database characteristicsDBMS featuresArchitecturesOrganizational rolesInitial VocabularyData: raw facts about things and eventsInformation: transformed data that has value for decision makingEssential to organize data for retrieval and maintenanceDatabase CharacteristicsPersistentInter-relatedSharedUniversity DatabaseWater Utility DatabaseDatabase Management System (DBMS)Collection of components that support data acquisition, dissemination, storage, maintenance, retrieval, and formattingEnterprise DBMSsDesktop DBMSsEmbedded DBMSsMajor part of information technology infrastructureDatabase DefinitionDefine database structure before using a databaseTables and relationshipsSQL CREATE TABLE statementGraphical toolsUniversity DatabaseUniversity Database (ERD)Nonprocedural AccessQuery: request for data to answer a questionIndicate what parts of database to retrieve not the procedural detailsImprove productivity and improve accessibilitySQL SELECT statement and graphical toolsGraphical Tool for Nonprocedural AccessApplication DevelopmentForm: formatted document for data entry and displayReport: formatted document for displayUse nonprocedural access to specify data requirements of forms and reportsSample Data Entry FormSample ReportProcedural Language InterfaceCombine procedural language with nonprocedural accessWhyBatch processingCustomization and automationPerformance improvementTransaction ProcessingTransaction: unit of work that should be reliably processedControl simultaneous usersRecover from failuresDatabase Technology EvolutionDBMS MarketplaceEnterprise DBMSOracle: dominates in Unix; strong in WindowsSQL Server: strong in WindowsDB2: strong in mainframe environmentSignificant open source DBMSs: MySQL, Firebird, PostgreSQLDesktop DBMSAccess: dominatesFoxPro, Paradox, Approach, FileMaker ProData IndependenceSoftware maintenance is a large part (50%) of information system budgetsReduce impact of changes by separating database description from applicationsChange database definition with minimal effect on applications that use the databaseThree Schema ArchitectureDifferences among LevelsExternalFacultyAssignmentFormView: data required for the form in Slide 16 (Figure 1.9)FacultyWorkLoadReportView: data required for the report in Slide 17 (Figure 1.10) Conceptual: tables in Slide 11InternalFiles needed to store the tablesExtra files to improve performance Client-Server ArchitectureOrganizational RolesDatabase SpecialistsDatabase administrator (DBA)More technicalDBMS specific skillsData administratorLess technicalPlanning roleSummaryDatabases and database technology vital to modern organizationsDatabase technology supports daily operations and decision makingNonprocedural access is a crucial featureMany opportunities to work with databases