Y học - Chapter 2: Detailed knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and kinesiology

Massage Therapy Review: Passing the NCETMB, NCETM, and MBLExMcGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 2Detailed Knowledge of Anatomy, Physiology, and KinesiologyPre-class AssignmentReview Chapter 2 of your Massage Therapy Review bookMcGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Anatomical Positions Sagittal PlaneDivides the body into left and right sidesMovements that occur in this plane are flexion, extension, plantarflexion, and dorsiflexionMcGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Anatomical Positions, Cont’dFrontal (Coronal) PlaneSeparates the body into front and back (anterior/posterior)Movements that occur in this plane are abduction, adduction, shoulder elevation, shoulder depression McGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Anatomical Positions, Cont’dTransverse PlaneAlso known as horizontal planeSeparates the body into top and bottom (superior/inferior)Movements that occur in this plane are rotation.© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-HillAnatomical TermsMcGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Superior (Cephalad)Inferior (Caudal)MedialLateralProximalDistalAnterior (Ventral)Posterior (Dorsal)SuperficialDeepCavities of the BodyMcGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved VentralThoracicAbdominopelvicDorsalCranialSpinalMcGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Body MovementsFlexionExtensionAbductionAdductionSupinationPronationMedial/Internal RotationLateral/External RotationElevationDepressionDorsiflexionPlantar FlexionEversionInversionProtractionRetractionMcGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Types of Muscle ContractionsIsometricMuscle contraction with no joint movementTypes of Muscle ContractionsIsotonicEccentric – muscle is lengthening while contracting. Down or lowering phase of movement.Concentric – muscle is shortening while contracting. The up or lifting phase of movement.McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Types of Muscle ContractionsIsokineticTension remains the same throughout the range of motion whether the muscle shortens or lengthens. The speed is set with a muscular force near maximal resistance. Generally performed on hydraulic equipment.McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Muscle MoversAgonists (Primary Movers)AssistersSynergistAntagonistStabilizersMcGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Connective TissueTendonsLigamentsCartilageFasciaBursaBiomechanics &KinesiologyProprioceptionGolgi TendonsMuscle SpindlesMcGraw-Hill 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved MusclesMcGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Muscles, Cont’dMcGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Helpful Hints for MusclesSome names tell you locations:Example: Brachia means “arm”Biceps BrachiiCoracobrachialisBrachialisTriceps BrachiiWords with “cervicus” refer to cervical vertebrae or neck“Femoris” refers to femur“Sterno” – sternum“Cleido” – clavicle“Mastoid” – mastoid processMcGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved More Hints, Cont’dLook for muscles with things in commonFor example – all quadricep muscles insert in the same place – the tibial tuberosityAll hamstring muscles originate on the same bone – the ischial tuberosityMcGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved More Hints, Cont’dSome muscle names tell you actions:Example – the Supinator, Pronator Teres, Erector Spinae, all the flexor and extensor muscles of the hand and footThink of Mnemonics!SupraspinatusInfraspinatusTeres MinorSubscapularisThis is how the rotator cuff muscles “sits” on the shoulderMcGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Muscle HintsHand/WristFlexor muscles are generally on the anterior side of forearmExtensor muscles are generally on the posterior forearmFoot/AnkleFlexor muscles are generally on the plantar surface of footExtensor muscles are generally on the dorsal surface of the footMcGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved JointsFibrousCartilaginousSynovialBall and SocketCondyloidGlidingHingePivotSaddleDermatomesPeripheral nerves that supply an area or section of the bodySupplied by a single spinal nerveThey relay sensations, such as pain, to the brainMcGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved NutritionSix Basic NutrientsWaterProteinCarbohydratesFatsVitaminsMineralsWater The body is anywhere between 55-75% waterAssists in many important functions of the bodyMost people should drink either eight 8-oz glasses of water per day or ½ their body weight in ounces per dayMcGraw-Hill For example:175 lb person175 divided by 2 = 87.5This individual should drink 87 ounces of water per day© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Carbohydrates Should make up 55-60% of dietComplex carbs vs. simple carbsGlycemic index1 gram of CHO = 4 caloriesMcGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Protein Should make up 12-20% of dietHelps to repair and rebuild muscleFound in meats, poultry, beans, legumes1 gram = 4 caloriesMcGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved FatsShould make up no more than 30% of our diet Is needed in the diet for important body functionsSaturated fats should make up no more than 10% of total fat caloriesSaturated vs. unsaturated1 gram = 9 caloriesMcGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved CholesterolLow density lipoproteins (LDL)High density lipoproteins (HDL)Is needed in the diet in moderation for important body functionsFalls under the category of fats in the Food Guide PyramidMcGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved VitaminsNo caloric valueNeeded in the diet for important body functionsWater soluble – B and CFat soluble – A, D, E, K (All Dogs Eat Kids)McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Minerals No caloric valueNecessary in diet for important body functionsCommon minerals include:Iron SodiumPotassium ZincCalcium IodineMagnesium SeleniumMcGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved