Assessment of coastal sea water quality follow the space and period from 2013-2017 in quang binh tourism beaches

1149 ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL SEA WATER QUALITY FOLLOW THE SPACE AND PERIOD FROM 2013-2017 IN QUANG BINH TOURISM BEACHES MSc. Vo Thi Nho ngocnho256@gmail.com MSc. Hoang Anh Vu vuhoang304@gmail.com The faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Quang Binh University, Quang Binh, Viet Nam. Abstract This study focuses on accessing the status and changes of coastal sea water quality in Hai Ninh and Nhat Le Beach in Quang Binh province from 2013-2017. According to monitoring results in 2017, generally, the sea water quality in Hai Ninh and Nhat Le Beach in dry and rain seasons was pretty good; all of the values of parameters were much lower than the standard. The values of the monitoring parameters vary between the observation periods in the year. TSS content tend to be higher in the first survey, lower in the third survey. Heavy metals such as Cd, Hg, As were relatively stable. Coliform densities in Nhat Le beach increased by 4 observation periods in the year. While coliform density in Hai Ninh beach changed unevenly. The average content of TSS, NH4+, Fe and coliform in Nhat Le and Hai Ninh beach from 2013 to 2017 tend to be decrease. In period from 2013-2017, almost of the values of monitoring parameters were much lower than the standard. There was not the sign of coastal sea water quality degradation in the Hai Ninh and Nhat Le Beach from 2013 to 2017. Keywords: Coastal sea water quality; Quang Binh province; Tourism beaches. 1. Introduction Quang Binh province, a well-known tourism site in the central Viet Nam, is famous not only because of its beauty, but also of the cultural and cuisine values. There are many beautiful beaches including the Hai Ninh and Nhat Le beach. The increased development of tourism in recent years creates the motive force for socio- economic development for the localities. However, it creates more and more stress to the environmental quality here. Moreover, the quality of coastal water is also affected by economic activities. 1150 At present, waste from aquaculture ponds, factories have caused certain impacts to the environmental quality, especially coastal environment. Besides, thousands of cubic meters of waste water is discharged every day from residential quarters. All of these have made the Hai Ninh and Nhat Le beach more and more polluted [1]. For these reasons, the water quality monitoring is necessary for effective and available management to protect the ecosystems here and for sustainable development. Since 2013, monitoring coastal sea water quality programs in Quang Binh province are conducted regularly. The data from 2013 to 2017 is quite adequate, continuous and timely to have an overview of the situation and changes in coastal sea water quality[2]. The objective of this research is accessing the status and changes of coastal sea water quality in Hai Ninh and Nhat Le beach in Quang Binh province from 2013 to 2017. 2. Materials and method 2.1. Analytical sampling method The water samples were collected at surface and bottom layers, using 5 L plastic vertical water sampler at selected sites (Fig. 1). + Hai Ninh beach, Hai Ninh commune, Quang Ninh district + Nhat Le beach, Hai Thanh commune, Dong Hoi city. Samples had been collected in rainy and dry seasons through 5 years from 2013-2017. In dry season, we took 2 samples on 20/5/2017 and 15/8/2017; In rain season, we took 2 samples on 1/3/2017 and 3/11/2017. Figure1. Sampling locations[6] 1151 Monitoring parameters: (pH, TSS, DO, BOD5), nutrient concentrations (N- NH4+), heavy metals (Zn, As, Fe, Hg) and Coliform. Table 1. Characteristics of sampling locations[6] No Location Monitoring frequency 1 Hai Ninh beach (106°37'58.7"E; 17°22'30.4"N) 4 times/year 2 Nhat Le beach (106°39'55"E; 17°29'14.9"N) 2.2. Statistic and comparison method We use Microsoft Excel software, were applied to compare and estimate the trend of changes. Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Coastal Water Quality (QCVN 10 : 2015/BTNMT)[7] were used as references for accessing the environmental quality. 3. Results We were collected the environmental Monitoring Data of Coastal Areas from 2013 to 2017 from Quang Binh Department of Natural Resources and Environment. We were accessed the status and changes of coastal sea water quality in Hai Ninh and Nhat Le beach in Quang Binh province from 2013 to 2017. 4. Results and discussion 4.1. Status of Water Quality 4.1.1. Water quality in dry season in 2017 Table 2. Values of some basic, nutrient parameters, heavy metals and coliform in dry season[6] Areas DO (mg/l) BOD5 (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) N-NH4+ (mg/l) Fe (mg/l) Zn (mg/l) As (mg/l) Coliform (MPN /100ml) Nhat Le beach 5/2017 6.5 3.8 11 0.15 0.03 < 1.84x10-3 < 1.84x10-3 35 8/2017 6.53 4.5 5 0.38 0.07 < 1.84 x10-3 < 1.84 x10-3 95 Hai Ninh beach 5/2017 7.08 6.2 9 0.18 0.06 < 1.84 x10-3 < 1.84 x10-3 39 8/2017 6.95 5.1 5 0.23 0.11 < 1.84 x10-3 < 1.84 x10-3 120 Standard ≥4 - 50 0.5  0.5  1.0  0.04  1 For the basic and nutrient parameters, the data in dry seasons showed that most of values of these parameters were is lower than the standard (Table.2). For heavy metals parameters and coliform parameter, the data from Table.3 and Table.4 shows that heavy metals content were very low, except Fe. The metals such as Zn, As had the values much lower. However, compared to standard, Fe content were not higher. 1152 4.1.2. Water quality in rain season in 2017 Table 3. Values of some basic, nutrient parameters, heavy metals and coliform in rain season[6] Areas DO (mg/l) BOD5 (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) N-NH4+ (mg/l) Fe (mg/l) Zn (mg/l) As (mg/l) Coliform (MPN /100ml) Nhat Le beach 3/2017 6.5 3.4 38 0.24 < 0.01 < 1.84 x10-3 36 36 11/2017 6.18 4.3 6 0.12 < 0.01 < 1.84 x10-3 120 120 Hai Ninh beach 3/2017 7.56 7.1 13 0.15 0.03 < 1.84 x10-3 40 40 11/2017 6.34 4.6 8 0.21 < 0.01 < 1.84 x10-3 95 95 Standard ≥4 - 50 0.5  0.5  1.0  0.04  1 For the basic and nutrient parameters, heavy metals parameters the data in rain seasons showed that all of values of these parameters were in the controlled level (Table 3). The TSS (total suspended solid) content were is higher than dry season. The basic, nutrient parameters and heavy metals parameters were in same status as dry seasons Summary, in 2017, generally, the sea water quality in Hai Ninh and Nhat Le Beach in dry and rain seasons was pretty good; all of the values of parameters were much lower than the standard. 4.1.3. The changes of water quality in Hai Ninh and Nhat Le Beach in 2017 The values of the monitoring parameters vary between the observation periods in the year. TSS content fluctuated in the range of 5 - 36mg/l, the highest value in Nhat Le beach in the first survey, TSS content tend to be higher in the first survey, lower in the third survey. Figure2. The changes of TSS content in 2017[6] Figure 3. The changes of Fe content in 2017[6] 1153 Fe content ranged from 0.03 to 0.23mg/l, the highest and lowest value in Nhat Le beach in the first and second survey. Heavy metals such as Cd, Hg, As were relatively stable. Figure 4. The changes of Coliform content[6] Coliform densities ranged from 40 -160MPN/100ml. Coliform densities in Nhat Le beach increased by 4 observation periods in the year. While coliform density in Hai Ninh beach changed unevenly. 4.2. The changes of water quality in Hai Ninh and Nhat Le Beach from 2013 to 2017 4.2.1. TSS The average content of TSS in Nhat Le and Hai Ninh beach from 2013 to 2017 tend to be decrease. However, in Nhat Le beach, The difference in TSS concentrations between the years was less. TSS concentration was highest in Hai Ninh beach in 2015 (40mg/l). In period from 2013-2017, all of the values of TSS were much lower than the standard. The comparisons are shown in Fig 5 and Fig 6. Figure 5. The changes of TSS content in Hai Ninh beach from 2013 to 2017[2,3,4,5,6] Figure 6. The changes of TSS content in Nhat Le beach from 2013- 2017[2,3,4,5,6] 1154 4.2.2. NH4+ The average content of NH4+ in Nhat Le and Hai Ninh beach from 2013 to 2017 tend to be decrease. In period from 2013-2017, all of the values of NH4+ were much lower than the standard. The changes of NH4+ content are shown in Fig 7 and Fig 8. In Hai Ninh beach, the NH4+ concent were almost the same from 2013-2015 (ranged from 0.05 to 0.07mg/l). However, in 2016 and 2017, the NH4+ concent were sharply decrease (down to 0.01mg/l). Figure 7. The changes of NH4+ content in Hai Ninh beach from 2013 to 2017[2,3,4,5,6] Figure 8. The changes of NH4+ content in Nhat Le beach from 2013- 2017[2,3,4,5,6] In Nhat Le beach, the NH4+ concent has been changed significantly between years. The NH4+ concent was highest in 2015 and 2016 (0.07mg/l). In 2017, value of NH4+ undered limit of detection. 4.2.3. Fe The average content of Fe in Nhat Le and Hai Ninh beach from 2013 to 2017 tend to be decrease. In period from 2013-2017, almost of the values of Fe were much lower than the standard except Fe content in Hai Ninh beach in 2016. In Hai Ninh beach, the Fe concent has been increased steadily from 2013-2015. After that, the Fe concent has been decreased steadily from 2015-2017. In 2015, Fe concent was 1.3 times higher than standard. However, compared to other sea areas in Vietnam, this Fe content is not higher (even much lower than some)[8]. It might be explained that, the Iron from natural sources processes, which is major compared to the human activities sources. 1155 Figure 9. The changes of Fe content in Hai Ninh beach from 2013 to 2017[2,3,4,5,6] Figure 10. The changes of Fe content in Nhat Le beach from 2013-2017[2,3,4,5,6] In Nhat Le beach, the Fe concent has been decreased steadily from 2014-2017. The Fe concent was highest in 2014 (0.32mg/l). The Fe concent was lowest in 2017 (0.11mg/l). 4.2.4. Coliform The average content of coliform in Nhat Le and Hai Ninh beach from 2013 to 2017 tend to be decrease. In period from 2013-2017, almost of the values of Coliform were much lower than the standard. The changes of Coliform content are shown in Fig 11 and Fig 12. In Hai Ninh beach, the Coliform concent has been decreased from 2014-2017 (ranged from 1350 to 150 MPN/100ml). In 2014, the Coliform concent was 1.35 times higher than standard. Figure 11. The changes of Coliform content in Hai Ninh beach from 2013 to 2017 [2,3,4,5,6] Figure 12. The changes of Coliform content in Nhat Le beach from 2013- 2017[2,3,4,5,6] In Nhat Le beach, the Coliform concent has been decreased from 2014-2017 (ranged from 1400 to 100 MPN/100ml). In 2013 and 2014, the Coliform concent were higher than standard. 1156 5. Conclusion Because seawater quality in Hai Ninh and Nhat Le Beach affects ecosystems and life of local people, the riverine water quality should be also monitored thoroughly. In 2017, generally, the sea water quality in Hai Ninh and Nhat Le Beach in dry and rain seasons was pretty good; all of the values of parameters were much lower than the standard. The values of the monitoring parameters vary between the observation periods in the year. TSS content tend to be higher in the first survey, lower in the third survey. Fe content ranged from 0.03 to 0.23 mg/l. Heavy metals such as Cd, Hg, As were relatively stable. Coliform densities in Nhat Le beach increased by 4 observation periods in the year. While coliform density in Hai Ninh beach changed unevenly. The average content of TSS, NH4+, Fe and Coliform in Nhat Le and Hai Ninh beach from 2013 to 2017 tend to be decrease. Generally, all of the values of parameters were much lower than the standard. However, in Hai Ninh beach, in 2015, Fe concent was 1.3 times higher than standard. In Nhat Le beach, in 2013 and 2014, the Coliform concent were higher than standard. 6. References 1. Quang Binh Department of Natural Resources and Environment, 2015, Report of "Environmental Situation of Quang Binh Province in 5 Years, from 2010 to 2015". 2. Quang Binh Department of Natural Resources and Environment, (2013), Environmental Monitoring Data of Coastal Areas. 3. Quang Binh Department of Natural Resources and Environment, (2014), Environmental Monitoring Data of Coastal Areas. 4. Quang Binh Department of Natural Resources and Environment, (2015), Environmental Monitoring Data of Coastal Areas. 5. Quang Binh Department of Natural Resources and Environment, (2016), Environmental Monitoring Data of Coastal Areas. 6. Quang Binh Department of Natural Resources and Environment, (2017), Environmental Monitoring Data of Coastal Areas. 7. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2015, National Technical Regulation on Coastal Water Quality QCVN 10/2015-BTNMT. 8. Le Thi Vinh, Duong Trong Kiem, Nguyen Hong Thu, Pham Huu Tam, Pham Hong Ngoc, Le Hung Phu and Vo Tran Tuan Linh, 2012, Environmental Quality at Coral Reefs in Nha Trang Bay, In Proceedings of International Conference on “Bien Dong”.