Giai đoạn trước 1960
▪ Sandmo (2015). The early history of
environmental economics. Review of
Environmental Economics and Policy, Vol.9:
43-63.
An eighteenth century forerunner:
Marquis de Condorcet (1776)
▪ Awareness of the links between economic
activity and environmental quality.
▪ A pioneer in the use of externality arguments
for policy analysis of environmental policy (i.g.
forbidding harmful economic activities,
restricting property rights, undertaking public
works).
▪ However, public intervention was based on
social justice, not efficiency.
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Sơ lược lịch sử kinh tế
môi trường
Bộ môn Kinh tế Môi trường, Nông nghiệp và Tài nguyên
(Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Resource Economics)
1A Hoàng Diệu, Phú Nhuận, Tp.HCM
Môn học: Kinh tế môi trường
Nội dung
1. Giai đoạn trước 1960
2. Giai đoạn sau 1960
▪ Sandmo (2015). The early history of
environmental economics. Review of
Environmental Economics and Policy, Vol.9:
43-63.
Giai đoạn trước 1960
An eighteenth century forerunner:
Marquis de Condorcet (1776)
▪ Awareness of the links between economic
activity and environmental quality.
▪ A pioneer in the use of externality arguments
for policy analysis of environmental policy (i.g.
forbidding harmful economic activities,
restricting property rights, undertaking public
works).
▪ However, public intervention was based on
social justice, not efficiency.
The classical school: From Smith to Mill
▪ Adam Smith (1776): Theory of the invisible
hand, and the provision of public goods through
government action.
▪ Thomas Malthus (1798): Theory of population
provided inspiration for later economists to
grapple with the issue of resource scarcity and
economic development.
▪ David Ricardo (1817): Theory of land rent
regarding both agriculture and mining became
of great importance for future development of
environmental economics.
▪ John Mill (1848) emphasized the public
nature of the natural environment and the
tasks of the government; and expressed
strong support for preserving the natural
environment.
▪ Perspectives on the classical economists: An
early awareness of the environmental
problems and a belief that public policy could
improve the market outcome.
The classical school: From Smith to Mill
Practical applications: Edwin Chadwick
(1800 – 1890)
▪ A civil servant (not economist) was much
influenced by the utilitarian philosopher
Jeremy Bentham and John S. Mill.
▪ Utilized classical price theory (incentive-
based mechanisms) to design incentives for
environmental and social improvement.
Natural resource scarcity: William
Jevons and the coal question
▪ The lack (depletion) of coal would act as a brake
on the country’s economic growth.
▪ He explicitly linked the present and future price
of coal to the cost of extraction.
▪ It is just possible that some day the sunbeams
may be collected, or that some source of energy
now unknown may be detected (Jevons, 1865).
The marginalist revolution and the
evironment
▪ Alfred Marshall (1890): Initial formulation of
externality concept. He realized that in the
presence of externalities, the market
equilibrium will no longer be socially
efficient.
▪ Marshall’s effort on fisheries pioneers the
study the economics of a common property
resource.
Arthur Pigou (1920) and the foundations
of environmental economics
▪ Further developed the theory of externalities.
▪ Analyzed how the choice of policies, particularly
taxes, could improve the efficiency of resource
allocation.
▪ Discussed the empirical measurement of
environmental damage.
▪ Called for subsidies to afforestation as an
instrument for global climate policy.
▪ Suggested other policy options like prohibition of
the production and consumption.
The emergence of natural resource
economics
▪ Scott Gordon (1954). The economic theory
of a common-property resource: The
fishery. Journal of Political Economy,
Vol.62.
▪ Harold Hotelling (1931). The economics of
exhaustible resources. Journal of Political
Economy, Vol. 39.
Paul Samuelson (1954) and the theory
of public goods
▪ The environmental benefit-cost analysis is
the practical application of the
fundamental ideas in the theory of public
goods.
▪ Pearce (2002). An intellectual history of
environmental economics. Annu. Rev. Enery
Environ, Vol. 27: 57-81.
- The establishment of RFF (resources for future)
organization in 1952
- Silent Spring by Rachel Carson in 1962
- Material balance model by Robert Ayres and
Allen Kneese 1969
- Property rights and transaction costs by Ronald
Coase 1960
Giai đoạn sau 1960
▪ The strategy of the commons by Garrett
Hardin
▪ Passive use value by Krutilla 1967
▪ Polluter pays principle by OECD 1972
▪ Marketable permits by John Dales 1968
Giai đoạn sau 1960