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本论文主要以汉语成语为依据，着眼于汉语成语看中国传统等级观念。等级观念在中国封建社会里是一种非常突出的社会现象。本文概述了等级观念的起源及嬗变，及其与宗法制和儒学的关系；对于反映等级观念的成语进行分类引证，从上下有等、亲疏有间、长幼有序、男女有别、贫富有差几方面来进行解析；通过等级观念的成语涉及中国历史状况，看中国古代人们的思想观念及社会生活，认识等级观念成语的社会功能的积极作用和消极作用

72 trang | Chia sẻ: vietpd | Ngày: 13/08/2013 | Lượt xem: 2172 | Lượt tải: 0

Comme nous le savons, la fonction fondamentale du langage est celle de communication. Dans le processus d’apprentissage d’une langue étrangère, tous les apprenants souhaitent acquérir quatre compétences: compréhension orale (C.O), expression orale (E.O), compréhension écrite (C.E), expression écrite (E.E), pour pouvoir réaliser leur but final qui e...

74 trang | Chia sẻ: vietpd | Ngày: 13/08/2013 | Lượt xem: 1936 | Lượt tải: 0

Nowadays, in this industrial world, a person who wants to be successful needs to have a profound knowledge. Thus, much time is spent on learning to widen and deepen the understanding about culture, science, technology as well as social skills. It is not easy if he just stays at home and fills himself up with thousands of books as they are only theo...

44 trang | Chia sẻ: vietpd | Ngày: 13/08/2013 | Lượt xem: 2031 | Lượt tải: 1

笔者经过了几年给中国留学生上课，但每次跟他们接触，问其姓名时还是感到有什么陌生的。有时候觉得此问题太深奥了。在给越南学生教中文的过程中，很多时候碰到中国人名要翻开词典查询，又有时候，越南学生问他的中文名字怎么说、怎么写，自己当时答不上来，甚至，查了词典以后也不知怎么跟学生解释。久而久之，笔者明白了一个问题：中国人的姓名不是简单的问题。然而，过去很长时间，在教与学过程中，我们几乎都忽略了姓名这一问题，没有人去深挖钻研。因此笔者才有心去了解此问题。在研究的过程中，也发现了越南学生在翻译姓名时所遇到的一些困难。这更促使笔者去深入探索中国人起名用字问题

78 trang | Chia sẻ: vietpd | Ngày: 13/08/2013 | Lượt xem: 2264 | Lượt tải: 0

Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human...

28 trang | Chia sẻ: vietpd | Ngày: 13/08/2013 | Lượt xem: 2062 | Lượt tải: 1

In traditional linguistic research there are many works on text analysis, which focus only on the formal properties of language divorced from their communicative functions. Modern linguistic tendency of research focuses on discourse analysis, which is functional analysis of discourse involving the analysis of language in use. It can be said that la...

41 trang | Chia sẻ: vietpd | Ngày: 13/08/2013 | Lượt xem: 2326 | Lượt tải: 4

Nous tenons tout d’abord à remercier Madame Vu Thi Ngan d’avoir dirigé d’un bout à l’autre notre travail et de nous avoir donné des suggestions et des remarques très utiles. Nous aimerions remercier tous nos collègues qui nous ont beaucoup encouragée et nous ont aidée dans le travail pour que nous ayons du temps à réaliser ce mémoire. Un merci pa...

114 trang | Chia sẻ: vietpd | Ngày: 13/08/2013 | Lượt xem: 2232 | Lượt tải: 1

Dans notre société moderne, en l'occurrence, on entend souvent des linguistes parler de la langue maternelle, de la langue seconde et de la langue étrangère surtout de tous les temps, les langues étrangères jouent un rôle très important dans la vie sociale, même la politique d’ouverture, le processus de globalisation est considéré comme une tendanc...

93 trang | Chia sẻ: vietpd | Ngày: 13/08/2013 | Lượt xem: 2040 | Lượt tải: 0

I would like to express my deepest thanks firstly to my supervisor, Mrs. Vũ Thuý Quỳnh, M.A. who has enthusiastically helped and encouraged me to finish the research project. Without her experienced guidance and valuable comments, my research would still be far from finished. I am also indebted to her for her substantial contributions in proofreadi...

64 trang | Chia sẻ: vietpd | Ngày: 13/08/2013 | Lượt xem: 2832 | Lượt tải: 2

During the process of further studying and conducting this research I was really honored to receive guidance, assistance, and encouragement from various lecturers as well as supervisors among whom I would like to acknowledge my sincere thanks to the leaders of the College of Foreign Languages who have given me permission and created favorable condi...

62 trang | Chia sẻ: vietpd | Ngày: 13/08/2013 | Lượt xem: 2013 | Lượt tải: 2