Tài liệu, luận văn, đồ án, tiểu luận, đề tài về Khối Ngành Kinh Tế
Study of texts or messages is central to the communication discipline Two data collection and analytical methods Content analysis Interaction analysis
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Basic assumptions Data collected from sample to draw conclusion about population Data from normally distributed population Appropriate variables are selected to be tested using theoretical models Participants randomly selected
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Inferential statistics Statistical test used to evaluate hypotheses and research questions Results of the sample assumed to hold true for the population if participants are Normally distributed on the dependent variable Randomly assigned to categories of the IV
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Normal curve Also known as bell curve A theoretical distribution of scores Majority of cases distributed around the peak in the middle Progressively fewer cases moving away form the middle Symmetrical – one side mirrors the other Mean, median, and mode have the same value
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Most commonly used quantitative method Used for obtaining information about what people do, and respondents’ attitudes or characteristics In experimental, quasi-experimental, and descriptive research designs
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The experimental framework Used to determine causation Conducted in lab or other controlled setting To control for extraneous influences Independent variable is manipulated by researcher Participants randomly assigned to conditions or treatments
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In creating a sample -- Researchers make choices: Who to collect data from? What to collect data about? How much data to collect?
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Measurement is -- The use of numbers as a tool for identifying and presenting information The process that links the conceptual to the empirical Necessary to conduct quantitative research
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Quantity is the unit of analysis Amounts Frequencies Degrees Values Intensity Uses statistics for greater precision and objectivity Based on the deductive model
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All researchers, even students, have a responsibility to conduct ethical research Participants in research studies should know and understand their rights and responsibilities Ethical considerations are part of the design of the research project
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